计算机组成原理上机实验4 有限状态机
2018-04-19

实验目的

  • 综合利用三次实验的结果，完成以下功能：

  • 通过例化，向ram中0地址到13地址存入14个数，比如10-23；向ram中100地址到106地址存入7个数，比如0~6，分别代表运算符（与ALU的操作符对应），最后向ram 107地址写入-1

  • 运算控制：

     - 从ram 0地址开始的地方取两个数，分别放在reg0和reg1，然后从ram 100地址开始的地方取一个运算符，放到reg2，计算之后，把结果存入ram地址200

 - 从ram 2地址开始的地方取两个数，分别放在reg0和reg1，从ram 101地址开始的地方取一个运算符，放到reg2，计算之后，把结果存入ram地址201

 - ……

 - 如果取出操作符为-1，则结束。

实验平台

ISE 14.7

实验过程（分析）

  1. 模块化设计，一个alu模块，一个regfile模块，一个IP核生成的ram模块，一个control模块，控制reg、ram和alu，顶层一个top模块实例化前几个模块，ram初始化有coe文件读入。

  2. alu模块使用case语句判断7种操作类型。

  3. regfile模块用组合逻辑读，时序逻辑写。

  4. control模块思路（4周期）由于reg在这里没有实质作用（仅是复制了一份存储），故不考虑相关控制

    其中ram_ra为ram读地址，ram_rd为ram读数据，ram_we为ram写使能，tda、tdb为临时寄存上一周期的结果。

  5. 分析结果

    Op Data1 Data2 Result
    0(nop) 11 10 0
    1(add) 13 12 25
    2(sub) 15 14 1
    3(and) 17(32’b0…10001) 16(32’b0…10000) 16(32’b0…10000)
    4(or) 19(32’b0…10011) 18(32’b0…10010) 19(32’b0…10011)
    5(xor) 21(32’b0…10101) 20(32’b0…10100) 1(32’b0…00001)
    6(nor) 23(32’b0…10111) 22(32’b0…10110) -24(32’b1…101000)

实验结果

  • 仿真结果

    IP核ram设置界面中Load In设置ram初始化coe文件的路径，其中文件内容为

      MEMORY_INITIALIZATION_RADIX=10;
  
  MEMORY_INITIALIZATION_VECTOR=
  
  10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,0,0,
  
  0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
  
  0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
  
  0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
  
  0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
  
  0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
  
  0,0,0,0,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,-1,0,0,0,0,
  
  0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
  
  0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
  
  0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
  
  0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
  
  0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
  
  0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
  
  0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
  
  0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
  
  0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0

    仿真得ram和reg数据为

    ……

    ……

    可见计算结果符合分析。

附录:

  • 模块源代码

    top.v

    module top(
    input clk,
    input rst_n
);
    
    wire [5:0] ra;
    wire [5:0] wa;
    wire [31:0] rd;
    wire [31:0] wd;
    wire [31:0] aluout;
    
    reg we=1'b1;
    wire [31:0] tda;
    wire [31:0] tdb;    
    
    wire clkb;
    wire ram_we;
    wire [7:0] ram_ra;
    wire [7:0] ram_wa;
    wire [31:0] ram_rd;
    wire [31:0] ram_wd;
    
    alu alu1(ram_rd,tdb,tda,aluout);
    regfile regfile1(clk,rst_n,ra,wa,wd,we,rd);
    control control1(clk,rst_n,aluout,ra,rd,wa,wd,tda,tdb,ram_we,ram_ra,ram_rd,ram_wa,ram_wd);
    ram ram1(clk,ram_we,ram_wa,ram_wd,clk,ram_ra,ram_rd);
    
endmodule

    alu.v

    parameter A_NOP =5'h00; //nop
parameter A_ADD =5'h01; //sign_add
parameter A_SUB =5'h02; //sign_sub
parameter A_AND =5'h03; //and
parameter A_OR  =5'h04; //or
parameter A_XOR =5'h05; //xor
parameter A_NOR =5'h06; //nor

module alu(
    input [31:0] alu_a,
    input [31:0] alu_b,
    input [4:0] alu_op,
    output reg [31:0] alu_out
    );
    always@(*)
        case (alu_op)
            A_NOP: alu_out = 0;
            A_ADD: alu_out = alu_a + alu_b;
            A_SUB: alu_out = alu_a - alu_b;
            A_AND: alu_out = alu_a & alu_b;
            A_OR : alu_out = alu_a | alu_b;
            A_XOR: alu_out = alu_a ^ alu_b;
            A_NOR: alu_out = ~(alu_a | alu_b);
            default: alu_out = 0;
        endcase
endmodule

    regfile.v

    module regfile(
    input   clk,
    input rst_n,
    input [5:0] rAddr1,//读地址
    input [5:0] wAddr,//写地址
    input [31:0] wDin,//写数据
    input wEna,//写使能
    output [31:0] rDout1//读数据1
);
    reg [31:0] data [0:63];
    integer i;
    assign rDout1=data[rAddr1];//读
    
    always@(posedge clk or rst_n)//写和复位
        if(~rst_n)
        begin 
            for(i=0; i<64; i=i+1) data[i]<=0;
        end
        else
        begin
            if(wEna)
                data[wAddr]<=wDin;
        end
endmodule

    control.v

    module control(
    input clk,rst_n,
    input [31:0] aluout,
    
    output reg [5:0] ra=6'd0,//reg read addr
    input [31:0] rd,//reg read data
    output reg [5:0] wa=6'd0,//reg write addr
    output reg [31:0] wd,//reg write data
    
    output reg [31:0] tda,//tmp data a
    output reg [31:0] tdb,//tmp data b
    
    output reg ram_we,//ram write enable
    output reg [7:0] ram_ra,//ram read addr
    input [31:0] ram_rd,//ram read data
    output reg [7:0] ram_wa,//ram write addr
    output reg [31:0] ram_wd//ram write data
    );
    reg [2:0] cstate;//current state
    reg [2:0] nstate;//next state
    reg endflag=0;
    integer i=0;
    
    always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)
        if(~rst_n) 
            cstate<=3'd0;
        else 
            cstate<=nstate;
    
    always @(*)
        if(cstate==3'd0) nstate=3'd1;
        else if(cstate==3'd1 & endflag==1'd0) nstate=3'd2;
        else if(cstate==3'd1 & endflag==1'd1) nstate=3'd5;
        else if(cstate==3'd2) nstate=3'd3;
        else if(cstate==3'd3) nstate=3'd4;
        else if(cstate==3'd4) nstate=3'd1;
        else if(cstate==3'd5) nstate=3'd5;
    always @(negedge clk or negedge rst_n)
    begin
        if(~rst_n)
            begin
                ram_ra<=0;
                ram_wa<=0;
                i<=0;
            end
        else if(cstate==3'd1)
            begin
                ram_ra<=100+i;  
            end
        else if(cstate==3'd2)
            begin
                ram_ra<=2*i;
                tda<=ram_rd;
                if(ram_rd==-1) endflag<=1;
            end
        else if(cstate==3'd3)
            begin
                ram_ra<=2*i+1;
                tdb<=ram_rd;
            end
        else if(cstate==3'd4)
            begin
                ram_wa<=200+i;
                ram_we<=1;
                ram_wd<=aluout;
                i<=i+1;
            end         
    end

endmodule

    test.v

    module test(
    );
    reg clk,rst_n;
    top test(
        .clk(clk),
        .rst_n(rst_n),
    );
    always #10 clk=~clk;
    initial begin
        clk=0;
        rst_n=0;
        #20;
        rst_n=1;
    end
endmodule
搜索
背景设置